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Tools and Resources for Dogs

Using a Dog Treadmill

This shows a dog using the dogPACER.
Photo Credit: Roxanne Ready

There are many reasons to use a dog treadmill: poor mobility in dog owners, physical rehabilitation for dogs, humidity and heat, cold, ice and painful salt on sidewalks. Or perhaps your dog just has an abundance of energy. A treadmill may be just the thing to add to daily outdoor walks.

But there is probably no greater need for a dog treadmill than by an owner who owns a reactive, anxious or aggressive dog.

We know that exercise promotes not only physical well being but also mental well being.

Respected animal behaviorist and scientist James Serpell suggests that because dogs cannot get time off leash, the amount of exercise dogs get is limited to two off leash walks a day. He believes this is a contributing factor as to why so many dogs develop behavior problems. (1)

Dogs also like to get a tremendous amount of exercise. They’re very active animals. And in my community here in the US it’s actually illegal to let your dog off the leash unless it’s in a confined space, in a dog park essentially, and most people don’t have access to that, which means that your average dog gets walked around the block on a leash twice a day. And that’s really inadequate in terms of exercise. And I think this is the explanation, or at least a partial explanation, for why so many of these dogs develop behavioural problems. They’re just simply not exercised enough.

James Serpell on the Domestic Dog

A lack of exercise can contribute to stress and this is a key concern for any dog owner who has a dog that suffers from any kind of anxiety, fear or aggression.

But depending on where you are walking your dog a dog walk may even make things worse, if you are unable to avoid the triggers that may set off anxiety or aggression on walks such as loud traffic, strange people or other dogs.

So we are set with a dilemma. Do we avoid exercising our dog to avoid contributing to their (and often ours when we run into bad encounters with others)? Or do we take the chance, hope that we have an incident free walk and hope that the exercise will have a benefit in lowering stress levels.

How to exercise a dog and minimize stress contributing to behavior problems?

Generally we recommend that before we start a treatment program for chronically stressed dogs, we do everything we can to lower stress in general. If that includes walks, that we recommend eliminating them – but only temporarily. Only until a dog’s – and dog owner’s – equilibrium can be returned as much as possible back to stable levels.

However by doing so we are not taking advantage of all of the benefits that exercise can provide are in terms of reducing them reducing stress and helping them cope.  A variety of studies across species have shown that exercise can reduce anxiety and stress.

One solution may be to exercise your dog in your home. A treadmill is not the only way to do this. There are exercises you can do to get your dog moving up and down stairs and from room to room such as using targets, or playing hide and seek. You can use “flirt poles” in the back yards as well. But with particularly active dogs, or with dogs that may be restricted from walking outside for a number of days, using a dog treadmill in the short term by be a solution.

Exercise is not the only benefit of a dog walk

It should be noted that a key benefit of taking your dog outside for a walk, are the many benefits they get from novelty and being able to interact with their environment with their nose. This is so important and of value dto dogs that research has indicated that dogs tend to favour those that walk them moer than anyone else that interacts with them (including those that feed them).

Now obviously if going for a walk causes more stress than anything else the dogs are gaining very little by being outside on their walk. We can’t forget that we can’t see how unpleasant it is to be anxious.

However that doesn’t mean that dogs don’t need and benefit environmental enrichment. Spending all day in a confined area with little to do is day in and day out flat-out boring!

So, if you are considering using a treadmill to exercise your dog (even if you are not), you should also consider other ways to enrichment their worlds, such as scent training that encourages your dog to work use their nose.  You will also find that when their minds are actively engaged the need for exercise is reduced a little.

What kind of treadmill is best for dogs?

Treadmills are not cheap and can run upwards as much as $2000. You might want to decide if you you will be using it as well. If not, finding one suitable for dogs might be the best choice and you can likely find a new and reliable one especially designed for dogs for $600 or less.

The kind of treadmill you choose partly depends on how you want to train them, the size of your dog.

The most important aspect (other than noise) is using a treadmill that accommodates the natural gait of your dog.

Human treadmills may be acceptable for smaller dogs provided they are on the quiet side and that they can go slow enough. You just want to watch out for any gaps, or caps where toe nails could get caught and make sure that you keep the motors free of dog hair. There are a variety of treadmills on treadmills on Amazon you could review just to get a sense of what is available.

If you have a larger dog, you probably want to go with the dogPACER for larger dogs (see on Amazon – this is an affiliate link but we only include it for viewing only – please find a treadmill that suits your dog). There are dogPACERS for smaller dogs. They are included here as they are relatively well reviewed, can be purchased through Amazon and they are fairly quiet, and their motors are protected against dog hair. They tend to run between $500-$600 at the time of writing.

Human treadmills are often not recommended for pets by the manufacturer and may void your warranty. But if you already have one that you want to make sure that it is long enough to accommodate the natural walking or trotting speed and gait of the dog (and ideally stops slowly). As dogs tend to “float” from side to side as well and forward and backward as they get used to the treadmill so many humans treadmill are too short and too narrow for larger dogs.

You also may want to look into picking up a used one. Be sure to make sure it’s long enough for your dog, it can support the weight of your dog and is relatively quiet.

Training a dog to use a treadmill

A treadmill is not a natural apparatus for a dog to use. Many dogs are afraid of just the sound of a treadmill never mind getting on one. And almost every dog will need some time to learn how balance on it and learn to walk on it.

Your first step is getting your dog comfortable around it.

Emily is pretty relaxed around this treadmill. Photo Credit: Normannack

How you teach a dog to use a treadmill is of particular importance especially when it comes to reactive, anxious or aggressive dogs. You should only use positive methods, no corrections, it should not be rushed and it should only be a positive experience.

The following video shows one method of getting your dog to use a treadmill that i completely voluntary and force free. Note how comfortable and willing the dog is. They key here is moving only at the dog’s pace and keep the treats coming!

In the following video the dog looks a little less comfortable based on the position of the ears. However, this dog has been injured and this may be a factor.

Because of the side bars of this particular treadmill, the dog does not get the benefit of being able to place just a few paws on the moving belt the way the dog gets to in the previous video. The more you can break down a process into smaller chunks the easier it is on the dog.

Tips and Warnings

A couple of warnings here. You are not going to be able to flip on the TV while your dog is exercising in the background.

  • Never leave unattended
  • Should not be substituted for mental enrichment
  • Keep your dog interested
  • Train for only short periods of time
  • Do not use leashes or harnesses to force your dog on or to keep your dog on the treadmill
  • Do not over-exercise young dogs under the age of two as they can do long term damage to their joints
  • Dogs are better off walking or trotting than running
  • Do not exercise for more than 30 minutes (may be less depending on the dog)

Do not use a leash or a harness when training a dog to use a treadmill

Why is this important?

You will see a number of videos teaching your dog to use a treadmill through using force, leashes, etc.  But this is not a good choice for reactive, anxious or aggressive dogs. Dogs should feel in control and comfortable that they can get off the treadmill at any time.

Value and enjoy the process!

Dog owners are often guilty of rushing their dogs through a learning process. But remember, the key here is to improve your dog’s well-being as well as getting exercise. Enjoy the process!

There may be even more benefits in this learning process for your dog than actually using the treadmill.

That’s because there is novelty, there is engagement with their human(s), and if you use only positive methods and allow them some control in how fast they learn and whether they want to get on or off the treadmill, the learning experience can be very enriching.

Be patient. Keep your expectations in check and this will keep your frustration low or non-existent. Use this time to observe how your dog learns and deals with novel experiences. Dog should never be rushed into handling more than they can handle. No one enjoys that. But you will find by using positive only techniques can make the experience positive and interesting for both you and your dog.

Teach your dog to relax

Finally a key component in treating anxiety is to teach our dogs to relax. We can to teach them what it feels like to relax and then how to relax on cue. Without being able to relax, our work using desensitization and operant conditioning is unlikely to succeed.

Keep in mind that if our dog are chronically stress, are dogs may have difficulty with this. It may require time away from their stressors (like a vacation for us), or they may need medication if stress and anxiety is a deeper problem.

NEXT

Listen to James Serpell on the Domestic Dog

For more

Reference:

(1)

James Serpell: dogs as the animal kingdom’s ambassadors

6 Other Ways to Keep Others Away From Your Dog

My dog isn't friendly!

Of course we rely on our voice to communicate to other that they should keep their distance. However there are some of the pitfalls dog handlers run into that sometimes makes this simple solution not so simple.

Pitfalls

  • Sometimes simply you don’t see others coming. You may miss someone if you are looking at your dog, reaching for a treat or paying attention to something else.
  • It’s hard to confront other people for many people, especially if you are sensitive to other’s feelings or shy.
  • We’ve been made to feel bad about our dog’s problem behaviour in the past and are reluctant to broadcast it if we can avoid it.
  • People may think your dog is fine because they’re not reacting (yet) and ignore you what you say (see suggestion on how to handle this below)
  • Some people believe that all dogs like them and will approach anyway!
  • Raising your voice can signify to your dog there is something to worry about.
  • Telling people to keep away may contribute to social conflict.
  • Talking to or yelling at other dogs may do nothing to deter other dogs determined to approach your dog

So we’ve put some suggestions together on what else has worked for other people who might help you and your dog.

Aids To Help Keep Others away

The following suggestions are split between dealing with approaching people and approaching dogs and can be combined. Each one tends to work either on dogs or people, but not often both.  Below we discuss the pros and cons of each. The links to Amazon are affiliate links which means K9aggression.com gets a small percentage from Amazon (at no cost to you – Amazon pays us) should you click on a link and decide to buy. But we encourage you to buy only things you think will be useful to you.

 TIP: You don’t have to say your dog is aggressive. But it’s your job is to keep everyone around you safe. Try saying your dog needs space, that they are anxious or that they aren’t friendly. Many people are grateful to be informed. It’s when people don’t know and suddenly your dog reacts that causes the most issues.

 

 

#1 Deterring People: Scare People Off With a Muzzle

This is a double edge sword. Muzzles worry most people so this is a good way to keep people away from your dog. On the other hand they worry people. You don’t want your neighbours to start a campaign against you, or worst try to provoke your dog so they have something to complain to the authorities about. On the other hand if you have a good relationship with them, you can simply let them know your dog is anxious and needs space and a muzzle is a good ay to scare people off.

basket muzzleWe’ve written a comprehensive article on muzzles for dogs that bite which will give you an idea of which kind of muzzles might be suitable. But any dog can learn to wear a muzzle. They don’t have to be aggressive.

PROS

  • Muzzles are associated with biting and this taps into people’s natural fears causing them to stay away naturally.
  • Tool can be useful to preventing bites giving dog handlers added confidence.
  • Frees you up to focus on your dog.

CONS

  • May alarm other dog owners.
  • May cause some irritation on the dog’s face.
  • Has to be trained to develop positive associations with the muzzle.
  • Does not deter dogs.
  • May lead dog owners into a false sense of security, believing that the problem is fixed. Dogs can still cause physical harm even while wearing a muzzle. Continuing to subject a dog to anxiety provoking situation which is bad for dog’s over all health and welfare.
  • Does not work with all people.

Check out comprehensive article on muzzles for dogs that bite  for recommendation on what to look for.

 

#2 Deterring People: Visual Caution Cues

Wearing something the easiest, most passive way to let people know they should give you and your dog space. We recommend you combine this with what other strategy you use.

Shirts and hats for dog handlers

Shirts are an easy, passive way to communicate. We had these ones designed using familiar caution or stop imagery so that people understood it even before they read the words.

 

 

Dog Training: Keep Away Sweatshirt for dog trainers

 

 

 

 

 

PROS

  • Catches the attention of people easily.
  • No risk.
  • Non-confrontational, passive, non-personal way to communicate, can easily add to any other tactic you may use.
  • Does not require the attention of the dog handler.
  • Requires no operation on behalf of the handler.
  • You dog is unlikely to develop negative associations with using one.

Where to get them: The K9aggression.com Shop

CONS

  • People may overlook the shirt by focusing only on the dog.
  • Obviously doesn’t deter off leash dogs!

Dog Shirts or Vests

Dog shirts can be hit or miss with some dogs. In most cases dogs adjust quickly to wearing a shirt as soon as you get them outside. Desensitizing them to wearing one makes the association positive.

We had this graphic below custom designed and we tested the design with non-reading children to see if they understood what it meant, but we have also seen vests on Amazon that might work for you as well. Keep in mind that children often ignore the rules regardless of what they agree to.

Do not pet dog shirt for dogs

PROS

  • Catches the attention of people easily.
  • Non-confrontational, passive, non-personal way to communicate.
  • Does not require the attention of the dog handle to operate or communicate.
  • It is right on the dog’s body where people want to touch.

CONS

  • Need to be beside or behind the dog to see it.
  • Dog needs to be conditioned to associate good things with wearing one.
  • Does not deter off-leash dogs

Where to get them: Through the K9aggression.com Shop

Coloured Harnesses and Leashes

Caution Dog harness and leashHarness and leashes such as this CAUTION Red Harness and Leash seen on Amazon (affiliate link) may prove helpful for you.

PROS

  • Catches people’s the attention.
  • Requires no operation on behalf of the handler.
  • Dog is unlikely to develop negative associations with using one.

CONS

  • May be viewed just as a designer leash from a distance.
  • People may not know what the leash means.
  • Not the easiest to read lettering on leashes and harnesses.
  • Does not deter off-leash dogs.

 

#3 Approaching Dogs: Keep Away with Distasteful Smells

We know what your thinking: But my dog LOVES distasteful smells. That may be, but we are talking about smells dogs find distasteful.

This product is for dogs. We haven’t heard of a product for humans yet. We don’t think it will be invented any time soon.

Spray deterrents

Spray deterrent for animals

Petsafe Sprayshield Animal Deterrent Spray

PROS

  • Non-harmful.
  • Spray deterrents like citronella or water don’t hurt other dogs but they can be distasteful to other dogs.
  • Deterrent to off-leash dogs.

CONS

  • May be cumbersome to hold and operate at the same time as holding a leash, treats and clicker.
  • May alarm other dog owners creating social conflict.
  • Other dog owners may assume it is pepper spray.
  • May blow into your own dog’s face
  • If the other dog is aggressive, may evoke defensive aggression

#4 Approaching dogs: Startling visually

Starting animals is not our best strategy. It can scare dogs and this may change a positive mood to a negative one. Additionally, you might create fear when there wasn’t any before. The last thing you want to have your dog associate fear with other people or animals.

But sometimes necessary when a dog is bent on approaching yours and his owner is helpless to stop them and your dog has the potential to cause harm, or your dog’s anxiety is quite high.

Whatever you have around at the time may work including waving your arms around. But if you are doing for a walk, one of the easiest may be a spring load umbrella that pops open when you press a button.

Spring Loaded Umbrellas

PROS

  • You may already own one.
  • Dramatic gesture may ward off other’s dogs without causing harm (if not too close).
  • Can be a deterrent to off-leash dogs.

CONS

  • This may alarm some dogs into responding aggressively
  • May be cumbersome to hold and operate at the same time as holding a leash, treats and clicker.
  • May cause injury to either dog.
  • Unlikely to deter people.
  • May alarm other dog owners concerned about their dogs causing social conflict.

 

#5 Approaching Dogs: Startle with Sound

Again, startling is not the great choice.The last thing you want to have your dog associate fear with other people or animals. But sometimes you have no choice especially if there is a fight or an attack brewing.

Sound deterrents primarily work on dogs.  While sound is not exactly a deterrent for people, it will certainly catch their attention and may cause them to reevaluate the situation.

People have used air horns to back off dogs, but many of these can be quiet loud so we don’t feel comfortable in making a recommendation for one. Other people have used cans of pennies, garbage can lids, or pebbles in a plastic bottle. We discuss this in the cons below, but the biggest problem with using this is the effect it will have on your dog.

PROS

  • May deter other dogs without causing physical harm.

CONS

  • Need to desensitize your dog to the sound to create positive associations in a variety of situations.
  • Even doing so, may cause additional stress to your dog.
  • May be quickly associated with the approach of other dogs which may make the problem worse.

 

#6 Approaching Dogs: Distract The Other Dog

Treats and Toys

We know it sounds like crazy-talk, but throwing down food on the ground or even at the dog has distracted an off-leash dog more than once. It CAN cause issues in dog parks however but if your dog has issues with others, you should not be going to a dog park). Now, throwing a cake at a person may also work to keep people away, too, but we don’t recommend it.

PROS

  • You may already be carrying treats.
  • May help distract other off leash dogs from approaching giving you more time to move away.

CONS

  • May cause issues with other dogs at a dog park.
  • Your own dog may think you are throwing the food or a toy for him or her.
  • If the other dog is anxious, reactive, aggressive or simple too focused on your dog, the treats and toys may be completely ignored.
  • Some dog owners get very upset when other people give treats to their dog

Here is an example of stopping dogs with treats

Remember – a dog who is sufficiently motivated to charge your dog may ignore the teats. On the other hand, a dog who is simply friendly or curious may be stopped this way.

Have a Plan

If you have an anxious, reactive or aggressive dog, you need to do you best to prevent your dog from becoming more anxious.  You can’t do this effectively if you aren’t prepared.

Plan where you are going

Spend some time thinking about the least likely places to experience conflict. If you have a car, you might want to drive them somewhere new. If your dog is only aggressive toward other dogs, consider taking them to a place where dogs are not often seen, such as a mall parking lot.

Plan when to go

You might find leaving a half hour later or earlier will help you avoid certain situations.

Plan your tools

When you see that other person or dog and your heart starts pumping and you start to tense up, what are you going to do?

 

One suggestion is to have a treat bag on you that is easy to dip your hand into if you need to throw them at another dog.

The best ones we’ve used are the ones that are hinged and can be opened or closed with the flick of a finger.

PetSafe Treat Pouch Sport, Black

In addition you might find using a head halter can be really beneficial especially if your dog is prone to lunging or simply gets fixated on other people or dogs. This tool can really help you gain control over your dog’s head. Learn more about using a head halter for an aggressive dog.

PetSafe Gentle Leader Headcollar, (link to a Large, Black one- if you want additional sizes or colors, search on Amazon for something that suits you)

 

 Plan your response

Know what you want your dog to be able to do instantly and practice it long before you need it.

  • Practice grabbing your treats or umbrella or noisemaker
  • Think about what you’ll say
  • Practise being “Jolly”
  • Practice useful commands and exercises

Plan your Training

Asking your dog to sit can be very helpful as a sitting dog is less likely to get other dogs concerned. However, unless your dog has a lot of space, sitting at the end of a lead might make your dog feel trapped.

Below we have suggestion on the two easiest and in our opinion most useful commands to practice.

Easy to teach behaviors every dog owner of a shy, reactive or aggressive dog should practice

If you are trying to treat an anxious, reactive or aggressive dog, you might know it’s critical to your dog’s success that your dog does not go “over threshold”. (To learn more about why, see more about how anxiety relates to aggression and why we need to treat it) and the importance of getting your dog’s attention at the earliest stage of arousal.

  1. “Look” or “Watch Me”
  2. Turn on the spot

1. The “Look” or “Watch” Command

dog_trainer-thmWhile it doesn’t stop other people or dogs, having your dog look at you when you say “Look” or “Watch” can be really helpful when you are out with your dog. It distracts your dog from paying attention to the threat and it refocuses your dog on you. That way you can let him or her know what they should be doing next.

Teaching “Look”

  1. Say the command or cue word
  2. Bringing a treat (that your dog knows is in your hand) up to your eyes
  3. Rewarding him or her with the treat.
  4. Repeat

As your dog starts to predict what is going to happen with enough repetitions, you can

  1. Keep the treat hidden in the other hand
  2. Bring your treat-free hand up to your face.
  3. Reward your dog for looking at you
  4. In time you can do less and less of a gesture to your face, but continue to reward your dog each time.

Practice frequently in as many different situations as you can think of in order for it to become automatic. Once it’s automatic, your dog will do it without having to think about it.

Here are the elements you should vary when you practice. In fact you can incorporate these during any kind of training. Always create a situation where the dog is most likely to succeed, and then only make it slightly more challenging as they succeed.

2. Turning on command/cue

One of the easiest things to do is to turn right around and head the other way. If your dog has caught sight of the other person or dog, remember to act jolly. It’s easier to transfer anxiety into excitement than it is transferring anxiety into being relaxed. This will help the both of you.

Make sure you turn frequently and abruptly at different times during your walks so your dog never associates it with seeing another person, or animal. But before you do, say a command (or cue) word so that your dog learns that word predicts a change of direction, and then if necessary call his name. Tossing your dog a reward for following you or allowing his play tug-of-war and play with a ball will make it more fun.

Here is an excellent video by 4 Paws University on how to incorporate this when dealing with strangers.

Elements to vary during training

Location

Practice in each room, all around the outside of your home, at various places on your walk. Start with the easiest place your dog can manage it and little by little increase the difficulty.

Voice

Pitch, loudness, etc. Your voice will change according to your mood. If your tense when you see that other person or dog, your dog will hear it in your voice.

Body

Walking, sitting, standing, bending over, arms up, arms out, with leash, without leash. etc.

Distractions

What occurs immediately before? Does your dog see a person, another dog, a cat? Perhaps a car goes by, the wind picks up or a bell goes off?

New Invention that Could Help Separation Anxiety?

iCPooch - Invention that Could Help Separation Anxiety
Check out the iCPooch video below

Video chat with your dog?  There’s an app for that!

Dogs are increasingly left alone for long periods of time as we go about our busy lives.  This is particularly difficult for dogs that experience separation anxiety.  But what if there was an invention that could help separation anxiety?

The idea came from a 14 year old girl.   The idea that with the help of an iPhone or iPad, you can both see and hear each other as well as deliver a treat to your dog anywhere you happen to be, as long as you are connected to the internet.

Aside from the concern that it may encourage people swap technology for proper care and attention, and aside from wondering if separation anxiety could result in the destruction of your precious technology (although it can be moved out of reach), the iCPooch invention could have a number of applications for behavior modification including dealing with barking or aggression at the door.

For example, we had written about a dog trainer had used a similar technique to creatively help her dog with barking.  In that article the trainer and her dog had moved to an apartment building.  Her dog was barking in response to the strange sounds heard out in the hallway.  Barking obviously could cause some problems living in an apartment building. Read how she dealt with the barking in a very creative way using a Manners Minder (which evolved into the Premier Treat & Train Remote Reward Dog Trainer – and then became PetSafe Treat & Train Remote treat dispenser – see it on Amazon).

Do dogs respond to us… or the treat?

The site suggests that iCPooch can help prevent our dog from being lonely. But do dogs actually see and hear their owners voice the same way through technology as they do in real life?  We know that dogs rely on their sense of smell more than their vision and hearing. Without being able to smell the presence of their owner, how much does seeing the screen and hearing the sound of their owners through a little speaker really mean to a dog? After all, dogs quickly learn to adjust to a mirror image of themselves, even though the theory is they don’t realize the image they see is actually them.

We know that dogs do not generalize nearly as well as humans so.  What that means is that what dogs learn in one situation does not transfer well when any of the variables are changed.

For example, a dog that knows how to sit from a standing position has no clue what to do when you ask him to sit when he is lying down.  A dog that has been taught how to sit in the living-room does not know what you want him to do when you ask for a sit in the kitchen until he is trained there, too. So do they get that it’s us?  And do they need to know it’s us to make a difference?

Maybe the whole genius in this invention is being able to see your dog and deliver a treat when you are in a remote location.

Treating separation anxiety

The idea behind this is that you can connect with your dog and this helps your dog to not feel so isolated.  The nanny cam aspect to it – if it works that way – is undoubtedly appealing. But the idea that we can also interact with our dog from a remote location is something else.  It may sound silly, but being able to call our dogs over, deliver a treat, and connect may do something for our own separation anxiety. In turn we may just be a little less keyed up when we get home, which can only be good for our dog. It communicates to our dogs that departures and arrivals are not necessarily a big deal.

Here is another application to help our dog’s separation anxiety.  Some dogs benefit when they consistently get a signal that indicates we will be arriving home soon. Consequently, this let’s our dog know what to expect.  Anytime that we can make events more predictable for dogs helps. If this product works the way it sounds like it should, this could really help with that.

iCPooch Mixed Reviews

Initially we posted this when the iCPooch was first released and there were few reviews.  Unfortunately more than half of the reviews on Amazon have rated the product either three stars or less. While it appers to work well for many, the biggest issue for those who posted a critical review appears to be connectivity problems.

A better alternative: Petzi Treat Cam

A better execution of this idea might be the Petzi Treat cam. Like iCPooch, this gadget uses wifi to allow you to see your dog via your smart phone, but unlike iCPooch, it comes with the camera installed (so you don’t need to own a tablet). Your dog can’t see you, but they can hear your voice. Also solving one of the complaints about iCPooch, is that the Petzi treat cam can be mounted out of reach.

Unfortunatly the sound id just one way. They can hear you, but you can’t hear them so you can’t har if your dog i whining or crying. It also makes it a little more difficult to antispate rewarding them deliver treats when they hear something or someone outside.

Below is the manufactures videos for more information

If you are interested in this for treating separation anxiety or any other behavior modification application, you may also be interested in checking out the PetSafe Treat & Train Remote treat dispenser (formerly Premier Treat & Train Remote Reward Dog Trainer and Manners Minder) also on Amazon\, as well. This product has been on the market for a long time and has gone through a variety of updates.

It has no camera and you need to be within a 100 foot range. However it allows you to remotely deliver a treat to a dog which is helpful for behavior modification.  For example, if you have a dog who acts up at the door, you can teach them to go to a particular place away from the door and lie down as soon as they hear a door bell or knock.

For those interested in the iCPooch story and how it came to be, below is the Kickstarter video iCPooch used to raise funds to get the project going.

Controlling dog aggression by using a dog muzzle

Dog wearing basket muzzle

If it is possible your dog might bite, or your dog is aggressive, snarky or reactive, or if your dog is in a situation where they are in pain, you really should consider investing in and training your dog to wear a dog muzzle.

On the one hand, people can feel more confident when their dog is wearing a muzzle and this can help your dog stay calmer. However, while wearing a muzzle can prevent bites, it will not improve aggression and can potentially make aggression worse if misused.

1. What is the best muzzle for biting dogs

Finding the right muzzle can be challenging as there are a number of them on the market ranging in type and quality. Here is a rundown on the main types of muzzles available for biting dogs and how and when to use them.  We also discuss which brands consistently get the best reviews by users to help you make a decision.

Occlusion Muzzle

  • USES: Use occlusion muzzles short-term use only for vet visits or grooming
german-shepherd-dog-with-muzzle-200

“Occlusion” muzzles that shut the dog’s mouth completely. They are usually made of fabric. Using a tight nylon muzzle may increase anxiety and fear (1). Never use an occlusion muzzles for long period of time. They may be fine for temporary use such as at the vet or grooming.

They should not be used for preventing barking. If your dog is barking excessively, it may be a result of boredom or there may be an anxiety issue that can be resolved. In this case you should consider getting a veterinary behaviorist consultation to diagnose the issue.

It is also possible that dogs can still nip if the can get their mouths at all open.

Dangers and considerations associated with occlusion muzzles

  • Because dogs cool themselves when they are panting, these muzzles can pose a threat to the dogs wearing them. Avoid using Occlusion muzzles when especially warm or when they are stressed and need to pant. Panting is the only way a dog can cool down, so if worn too long in warmer weather, it can cause heat stroke resulting in serious harm or even death.
  • Dogs can find occlusion muzzles extremely frustrating

Police style or “Agitation” dog muzzle

An example of an agitation dog muzzle for Large Shepherds on Amazon.
  • USES: teaching dogs to bite for police or protection training

These dog muzzles are usually used for police or protection training where the dog is encouraged to bark and bite. They are usually made of leather, although plastic variations exist. The leather variations allow the handler or target of the aggression to experience less damage if they are hit hard with them. While leather agitation muzzles considered the safest from a bite perspective, they are also the most expensive. You can see different types and prices on Amazon for “agitation training” muzzles.

Dangers and considerations associated with Agitation muzzles

  • Ventilation is still a concern with these muzzles. Examine how well ventilated the muzzle is that you are looking at.
  • Getting the right fit is also important since it is more difficult to see how well the dog fits inside of it.

An important consideration is how easy you can feed treats through. Some muzzles will allow you to put a popsicle stick with peanut butter, spreadable cheese or pureed meat, but if you are using a muzzle with behavior modification or training, the ability to give a teat to your dog is essential.  Some plastic muzzles can be cut through to make giving teats easier.

Basket Muzzles

  • USES: Bite prevention during longer-term use such as training or going on walks
Example of a wire basket muzzle for small Rottweilers on Amazon

For the average dog owner who wants to exercise caution while training their dogs not to be aggressive or out for walks, the basket muzzle the most humane choice recommended by veterinary behaviorists. The best muzzle to use in terms of minimizing anxiety and fear is a basket-type muzzle. (1) (2) It allows the dog to pant and open their mouths which is extremely important for any dog that is exercising, needs to wear one in warmer weather, or any dog who is panting because of stress.

Although there are many variations on the market you generally see either:

  • wire basket muzzles
  • plastic basket muzzles
  • softer variations usually made of some kind of fabric such as nylon.

Dangers and considerations with basket muzzles

  • Some plastic muzzles tend to be cheaper, but they don’t tend to let in as much air flow so you need to consider what activity you are doing with your dog.
  • Some dogs can get their lower jaw out and get teeth stuck.
  • Dogs may be able to bite through a soft or cheap plastic muzzle.

Which Type of Muzzle is Best For Your Dog?

This leaves the wire basket muzzle or one of the better quality plastic ones as the better choice for reactive or aggressive dogs. The air flow is best with a wire basket muzzles. The ability to give your dog a treat through the muzzle is a little easier, too. However, the wire muzzles tend to be a little heavier and dogs can still hurt others with by hitting them with the muzzle.

Cut a hole at the front of plastic muzzles to make a larger hole to give them treats through the muzzle.

“Cute” of “Funny” Muzzles

The idea is great, but sadly, they are only good for short-term situations where the dog is unlikely to pant. Like the occlusion muzzles, they may be fine for temporary use such as at the vet or grooming.

Dangers and considerations with cute/funny duckbill muzzles

  • If the temperatures are warm, or a dog is likely to be anxious, they should be avoided. Do not use these muzzles for walking or any situation where a dog needs to pant.
  • the cute concept may encourage kids to approach.
  • Many have reported that these muzzles are too easy for the dog to pull off.

Choosing a brand

How we decided

  • Reviewed and consulted veterinary behaviorist advice
  • Collected online data from experienced dog owners
  • Long standing brand ensures products need to live up to brand reputation
  • Because Amazon is the world’s largest and most trusted retailer, cross-checked against Amazon selling ranks, ratings, number of reviews and quality of reviews over time

Muzzles ranked highest

Jafco

Jafco Muzzles are the first choice of some veterinary behaviorists and many training professionals. (1)


Jafco Muzzles are high quality muzzles. Many Veterinary Universities such as PennVet Behavior Medicine Clinic uses Jafco muzzles at their hospital (1) as well as other training professionals. These are plastic muzzles that have some flexibility to them so if the dog hits you with one, it doesn’t hurt as much as the wire ones.

Dean and Tyler

Consistently the Dean and Tyler brand wire basket muzzles on Amazon received excellent reports for quality and value. (We have no affiliation with any brand, it is simply the result of our research). Once bought you should never need to buy one again.

The Dean and Tyler brands have good fitting guides on their site, and you can usually find them for less on Amazon than buying direct (we have heard from at least one person that buying direct did not go smoothly, but that may have been a one-off situation).



The DT Freedom Muzzle is their most spacious basket muzzle and has received excellent reviews and is suitable for medium to extra-large dogs. Dead and Tyler has a “winter” version which is the wire covered with rubber These dog muzzles are good for those living in colder climates.  These muzzles allow your dog to drink and take treats as well allow a wide range of jaw movement.


The DT Muzzle is good for small (Yorkshire terrier size), up to larger dogs such as big Schnauzers, Bouviers, etc. These muzzles allow your dog to drink and take treats. You will need to check the sizes for your dog.  They come in many more sizes than the Baskerville.

Basketville Ultra Muzzles

Baskerville Ultra Muzzles (look for the size that fits your dog- this one links to a size 5!) also scored well for dogs with larger heads.


Baskerville Ultra Muzzle (look for the size that fits your dog – this one links to a size 5) is not a wire muzzle but is another option although primarily designed for wide-headed dogs such as Staffordshire Bull Terriers, pitbulls, etc.

It has received good reviews and you can buy them for less than the Dean and Tyler and Jafco muzzles.

The advantage of this muzzle is that the rubber version is typically lighter than the wire basket muzzles.  It is easy to feed treats through.

The downside is that it has been reported to rub the skin against the nose of some dogs and there is a slightly more restricted airflow than the wire basket muzzles. They come in about 6 different sizes.

SEE ALSO: 6 other ways to keep others away from your dog

2. Size and fit considerations

Measuring a dog to wear a muzzle
TIP: Use string to use on the dog, then lie the string onto a tape measure.

Most muzzles are adjustable. However, dogs come in all sorts of different shapes and sizes, even between breeds. What works for a greyhound with a narrow head is not going to work for a pitbull type with a wide jaw. Therefor you might want to build in your budget additional shipping costs in case you need to return a muzzle if it does not fit properly.

The strap around the neck needs to fit quite snuggly so the dog cannot paw it off or catch it on anything.  Ensure that there is enough room in the basket part of the muzzle for your dog to pant.

Make sure that the muzzle is not too small, but also that it is not too big. You may think you are doing your dog a favour by giving them lots of room, but you might actually be causing more problems if the muzzle is loose, flops around or rubs unnecessarily.

Desensitized and counter condition dogs to wearing a muzzle in order to make it a pleasurable experience. You don’t want a frustrated or irritated dog.  You will feel better about your dog wearing one as well!

3. When to use a dog muzzle

WHEN:

Vet visits

Vet visits can be stressful to dogs for a number of reasons and bites are more likely to happen. However check with your vet about whether they think muzzling your dog is a good idea during the visit. If your dog is aggressive to other animals, it might be possible to keep your dog in your vehicle until the vet is ready to see your dog.

Neighbourhood or park walks

If your dog has the potential to bite, safety should always come first. The first step it to prevent your dog from becoming anxious by avoiding the things that set them off. But surprises and accidents happen so make sure your dog can’t bite by using a muzzle. It is a good idea to reinforce the link between muzzles and enjoyable walks

During training or behaviour modification

You should avoid the things that trigger your dog’s aggression except when doing behavior modification. However do not trigger the aggression by getting too close – see the importance of getting your dog’s attention at the first sign of arousal. Use a dog muzzle only as a safety precaution only.

To help encourage people to keep their distance

Muzzles can encourage people to keep their distance which can be helpful. If you are interested in keeping people at a distance check out our article on other things that can help keep people and or dogs at a distance.

To regain your confidence

If you have experienced an aggressive conflict you may be feeling anxious yourself. Dogs can pick up on that and become more anxious in response. Knowing that your dog can’t bite might help you feel calmer.

HOW:

  • Train your dog to enjoy wearing a muzzle (see Tip 4 below for how).
  • Start for short periods and gradually work up to longer periods.
  • Put the muzzle on even when he or she doesn’t need it from time to time so they don’t associate with the trigger of their aggression.

 

4. Teaching your dog to wear a muzzle

Here is a pdf describing how to desensitize your dog to wearing a muzzle or head halter that describes how you can do this.  However, forcing a dog to wear a dog muzzle for too long can also be frustrating for them and this can contribute to stress.

Here is a link to an excellent video showing you how to train your dog to wear a muzzle

Treat suggestions to use with muzzles

  • “Squeezy” cheese or Canned aerosol cheese
  • baby food
  • liverwurst
  • Pretzels sticks
  • Kibble
  • “long” treats
  • Peanut butter, spreadable cheese or meat on a stick
  • Pureed dog food

You may want to use a reusable and refillable dog training food tube and use a blender to puree your dog’s food to put into it.  Kong Stuff’n products that come in a variety of food types (such as peanut butter, sweet potato) are another good alternative for those people who don’t have the time. We’ve linked to a variety bundle but check out all the options.

Working with non-food motivated dogs

Some dogs are picky. This is sometimes causes by stress. Other time, they are simply fed enough and lack the interest in eating more. Here are some tips:

  • Feed your dog less at meals
  • Use only high quality and desired food – kibble is rarely motivating for dogs
  • Ensure their diet is not causing them to feel uncomfortable. Some prepared raw diets, for example, do not puree vegetables well enough and may cause digestive upset
  • Talk to your vet about food allergies

Another helpful video on teaching your dog to wear a muzzle

How to handle dog aggression

Dog muzzles can be used to control biting. They should be used whenever there is any risk that a bite could happen.

Outside of fitting your dog properly, there is no special operating is there is with head halters. If your dog has the tendency to lunge, you might want to consider a head halter.

Muzzles do not treat your dog’s aggression or reactivity in any way.  If a muzzle strap were to break or the muzzle get pawed off, you still have a dangerous dog on your hands.

You are far better off making your dog a safer pet with a systematic approach than relying on a muzzle only. Here are some basic steps:

  1. Learn how to identify signs of stress or anxiety to help you act before the aggression even starts.
  2. Create a prevention and management plan to help you avoid the circumstances that are causing the aggression.
  3. Set up his or her life in such a way to passively improve the aggression (although these benefits will likely be mild – at least the aggression won’t get worse).
  4. Help your dog learn to cope better with the thing that is triggering his aggression with a treatment plan designed to keep his anxiety below “threshold” through humane treatment methods.

T

Learn more about treating dog aggression check out the ebook The Dog Aggression System Every Dog Owner Needs.

5. Does using a muzzle make dog aggression worse?

Some people ask does muzzling an aggressive dog will make aggression worse?  It’s always worth keeping in mind that any kind of frustration will make aggression worse.  There are three concern areas where a muzzle can increase frustration.

  • Frustration. Desensitize your dog to avoid frustrating your dog by taking the muzzle on and off
  • Feel strange. The muzzle it can feel strange and bothersome until your dog gets used to it.  Again, desensitizing your dog to wearing the muzzle goes a long way toward getting your dog comfortable.
  • When the dog muzzle has been on too long. Never leave a dog muzzle on for long period of time.

If a dog can’t get a muzzle off and wants to, or it is bothers his or her face, you can increase frustration and frustration can make aggression worse.  This is why you should always desensitize a dog to wearing one.

6. Problems associated with using dog muzzles to control dog aggression

There are a number of problems with using muzzles to control dog aggression. Here is what to consider:

  • Using a muzzle can give people a false sense of security. A dog muzzle will not prevent aggressive behavior. A dog muzzle will only prevent a bite.   Your dog can still “muzzle punch”, lunge, hit, trample, bruise, etc. Breeds at risk for having a eye popped out during a fight are those who have eyes stick out such as Pomeranians, French Bulldogs, Pugs, etc.
  • People have the tendency to use a dog muzzle instead of avoiding the situation that causes the aggression. Exposing your dog to the things that trigger his or her aggression will cause your dog to be more stressed and dread the situation even more the next time, making the overall problem worse. If you want to learn more about treating dog aggression, you may want to get the The Dog Aggression System Every Dog Owner Needs book (comes in both print and an ebook version).
  • Never leave a child alone with a dog, muzzled or not. A muzzled dog can still cause injuries, and a child can make poor choices.  You risk in having your dog feel even worse about children and becoming a greater danger to them in the future.
  • A head halter does not prevent biting, but may offer control much more control over lunging if you have your dog on leash.  Combining the two has been done, but it is a lot of the face of the dog and may cause some frustration

Muzzles and other behavior issues:

  • People think a muzzle can be used to stop barking.  This is a bad idea as it frustrates the dog. There are more effective ways to handle barking such as addressing or treating the reasons why your dog barks. (See Barking control for more information)
  • People think they can prevent destruction in the home with a muzzles while they are away.  Dogs destroy things either because they are bored or anxious.  A dog should never be left unsupervised with a muzzle on. It can get caught on things. If the dog tries to paw it off, even its nails can get stuck.  Dogs have been known to get their lower teeth caught with cheaper muzzles.  In addition, a dog that feels the need to destroy something may find other ways to do it.  It is better to treat separation anxiety than to try to prevent it with a muzzle.

7. Alternatives to Muzzles

Crates, fences. tethering (i.e. leashing a dog to yourself or to an anchor in the house), putting a dog in a room away from the trigger of his or her aggression and outright avoidance are all alternatives to using a muzzle as a way to control an aggressive dog.

Care must be taken that the trigger of your dog’s aggression when using crates and tethering. Ensure the subject that triggers your dog’s aggression can not come so close that your dog becomes anxious. Otherwise there is a distinct possibility that your dog will feel trapped and this can make his or her aggressive response worse.

Fences can be a great help to separate your dog from others. We recommend a metal based gate for indoor use that is tall enough that your dog can’t jump it or get under.

A head halter is another alternative for handling an aggressive or reactive dog.  Head halters provide a lot of control over the head. While it’s possible for a dog to bite, you can also gently pull up on the head halter causing the mouth to close.  You will need to desensitize your dog to wearing a head halter just as you would a muzzle.  It’s far easier to direct his or her attention away from the thing they’re concerned about.  Much easier than using a flat collar (do not use a choke, prong or ecollar on an aggressive dog – see 5 methods to avoid in dog training).  This prevents your dog from practicing the aggression.

You might also be interested in

6 Other Ways to Keep Others Away From Your Dog

5 methods to avoid in dog training

Using a head halter for an aggressive dog

References

(1) Reisner I, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVB, On Your Best Behavior: Dog Bites: Protecting Your Staff & Clients, Todays’s Veterinary Practice, September/October 2011, (Volume 1, Number 2)

(2) Penn Vet Basket Muzzle handout, Training Topic: Basket Muzzles, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine (pdf)

* Disclaimer: K9aggression.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com. That means we earn a small commission from any product listed here linked to Amazon should you decide to buy any of them on Amazon at no expense to you. This helps us keep our site up and maintained so we can continue to help people help their dogs. We never recommend anything that we don’t believe will be of value to you. Please do not by anything that you don’t need or feel is not useful.

[VIDEO] How to Fit the Gentle Leader Like a Pro

Dig wearing a head collar
By Elf at en.wikipedia [GFDL, CC-BY-SA-3.0, GFDL or CC-BY-SA-3.0], from Wikimedia Commons
You can buy the Gentle Leader almost anywhere now, including on Amazon. It is often recommended when dealing with or trying to control a lunging, pulling or aggressive dog. See more information on managing an aggressive dog with a head halter.

Yet there are still a few dog owners (even some trainers) who haven’t learned how to fit or introduce the Gentle Leader properly. This problem causes owners to conclude their dogs just don’t like them when they see their dogs to paw or resist them more than they ordinarily would. Unfortunately they are missing out on a really valuable tool.

In addition some owners actually use them incorrectly as well by trying to combine “corrections” (old-school leash jerking) or with “flexi” leashes. This is not fair to the dog. If you have an aggressive dog, you will want them to be as comfortable as possible. Obviously teaching your dog how to walk with a loose leash is the best way to have a dog walk with you, but there are times when you will want the additional safety and control of using a Gentle Leader.

Here are two resource to help you fit and introduce the Gentle Leader to your dog like a pro.

 

The following video is here so that you can see how it works quickly.  With nervous, anxious, aggressive, or reactive dogs, we highly recommend desensitizing your dog to getting used to have the straps put on and adjusted using the guide above. 

How To Fit In Under Two Minutes

If you are interested in getting a Gentle Leader, you can order Gentle Leader head collars through Amazon. We are an affiliate with Amazon at no cost to you, but we only recommend products that we absolutely believe will help you.

You may also be interested in these articles

How to Train a Dog to Walk on a Leash

Why do Dogs Pull on a Leash

5 Reasons Why Leash Training is so Important